TERRACOTTA WALL FRAMES @ AJMER

PRITHVIRAJ RASO ON TERRACOTTA

It is evident that in Rajasthan, there is a conscious attempt to display the state's rich past and cultural heritage in as many ways as possible. Take the example of the railway stations. From Jaipur to Jaisalmer and Udaipur, the stations are modeled on the state's magnificent palaces, though on a much smaller scale. Some of them even have paintings displaying scenes from mythology and Rajput history. We traveled extensively by rail during our trip while travelling from one city to another. Perhaps, the one station that impressed me the most was Ajmer which is filled with terracotta wall frames on its front side. The holy city of Ajmer was the twin capital of the Chauhan dynasty prior to the twelfth century. Prithviraj - the last Hindu ruler of Delhi who was defeated by Ghori in the Second Battle of Tarain (AD 1192) is a celebrated figure here.

The station has lots of scenes from Prithviraj Raso - the epic ballad written by Chand Bardai who served as the royal poet at the court of the Chauhan Kings. It 'romanticizes' the life of Prithviraj, giving us exaggerated tales of his bravery, both on the battlefield and in love. There is one figure of the king Prthivraj III Chauhan and his queen Sanyogita, the princess of Kannauj whom he is said to have eloped with during the latter's Sayamwara. And then there is the image of a blind Chauhan ruler killing his adversary. Chand writes that after being beaten in Tarain, the King of Delhi was blinded and taken to the court of the Sultan Mohammed of Ghori in Afghanistan along with his friend, the royal poet. Ghori is believed to have expressed his desire to witness the Shabdbhedi Baan Vidya (Sonic Archery) wherein an archer with blindfold relies on the source of sound to shoot arrows at his foe, an art form which Chauhan is supposed to have mastered. As he got ready to shoot the arrow, Chand is believed to have uttered his famous lines, helping his master to strike the enemy in his own court:

Char Baas, Chaubees Gaj, 

Angul Ashta Praman,

Ta Upaar Sultan Hain, 

Mat Chuko Chauhan.

With these clues, Prithvi is supposed to have killed the Sultan and thus avenged his defeat. As the guards closed in on them, Chauhan and Chand are said to have killed themselves. Luckily, Persian and other contemporary Indian records help us unearth the real history the unfolded after the Chauhans were beaten at Tarain in 1192. It is generally believed that the Prithviraj was captured after the battle, brought before the Sultan and then executed. It is highly likely that he was given an option to convert to Islam which he would have rejected. Ghori then went on to capture Delhi and other parts in northern and central India. He nominated his slave Qutub-ud-din Aibak as his Viceroy, bringing an end to the Rajput dominance of North Indian that began with the death of King Harshavardhan. Ghori was assassinated by local tribals in western Punjab while offering prayers about 15 years later. In 1210, Aibak would crown himself the Sultan of Delhi, thereby laying the foundation of Islamic rule in the country.

Meanwhile, even episodes from mythology and rural life are also portrayed here. What I did not like was the conspicuous absence of any reference to the shrine of Gahrib Nawaz. Probably, eight out of every ten people who come to Ajmer pay their obeisance to the great Sufi saint who has been buried here. From great emperors like Akbar to politicians and film personalities, people descend to this city in thousands to seek the blessings of Moinuddin Chishti. As such, a terracotta depiction of Emperor Akbar walking towards the Dargah or something of this sort would have been fantastic. In many ways, it along with the story of Chauhan would have truly reflected the social harmony of the historic city of Ajmer.

Prithviraj Chauhan takes aim at Sultan Ghori with Chand by his side

Scenes from Rural Rajasthan

Radhe-Krishna (Left) and Shrinathji (Right)

Even the sparrows seem to love the Terracotta work

MORE POSTS RELATED TO AJMER

(1) Akbar's Palace or the Magazine or the ASI Museum (Link)

(2) Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti's Dargah (Link)

(3) Adhai Din ka Jhopra or Jama Altamash (Link)

(4) Anasagar Lake (Link)

MAHASANGRAM - PART V

THE RESULTS

For the BJP, the year 2014 continues to be perhaps, the best year in its three decade long history, that is, if we choose to overlook the setbacks in the by-elections (Link). The saffron outfit created history as it emerged as the single largest party in Maharashtra in spite of bitter fallout with its oldest ally - the Shiv Sena (SS). After the break-up of the two major alliances in the western state, nobody would have anticipated that the BJP could put up such an impressive show, so what if it failed to cross the half-way mark on its own considering that it was a five sided contest. The Shiv Sena did well to win nearly 20 seats more than in 2009 but the performance was far from satisfactory. The Congress and the NCP who had jointly ruled here for three consecutive terms had to face the heat. However, the numbers that they got were better than those in the General Polls fought in May. The MNS was obliterated, quite literally.

The wave of anti-incumbency against the Congress-NCP combine, the numerous corruption allegations against the leaders of the two parties and the image of the PM Narendra Modi seem to have helped the BJP in registering an impressive tally of 123 seats, its best figures in the state so far. There were rumors if the party had not done the right thing by pulling the plug on its alliance with the Shiv Sena, considering that it did not have a solid base in rural Maharashtra. However, the Modi wave worked in its favor; it managed to woo several leaders from the ruling combine on to its side besides holding on to its alliances with several smaller outfits. On the other hand, its former partner, the Shiv Sena was dealt a rude shock. Its 'Uttha' campaign failed as it finished a distant second, winning almost half the number of seats that the BJP bagged. The death of Balasaheb and the rise of Modi prevented it from winning a major share of the anti-government vote. Meanwhile, the Congress should be happy that in spite of winning just 2 seats in the parliamentary polls, it got 42 seats in the state. The NCP was saved the blushes as it managed to do well in its bastion of western Maharashtra and finished with a tally of 41 seats. Raj Thackeray's MNS was decimated; the party dropped 12 seats to end with just one seat. Owaisi's AIMIM and the PWPI (Peasant's and Worker's Party of India) won two seats each.

Perhaps, the biggest winner in the Maharashtra 2014 state polls is the party president Amit Shah. Questions were being raised about his leadership after the BJP's polarized campaign in the UP by-elections failed to get the seats. However, the resounding victory in the western state even after the break-up with the Sena has made the former Gujarat Home Minister the second most influential leader in the saffron camp behind Modi. The results are a big thumbs up to PM Narendra Modi too. He addressed as many as 26 rallies in the state, tearing into the Congress and the NCP while refraining from attacking the SS out of respect for late Balasaheb Thackeray. Five months into office, the Modi waves is fast transforming into a 'tsunami'.

The losers, on the other hand are many. With just 60 odd seats, the Shiv Sena has to reconcile to the fact that it is no more the bigger player in the 'saffron alliance' if it ever joins hands with the BJP in the future. The fact that the party could not even cross the 70 mark even after being in opposition for the last 15 years shows that the SS is on the decline and that Uddhav Thackeray & Co need to introspect to identify the many factors that are ailing the regional outfit. The decimation of the of Raj Thackeray and his MNS is another highlight of the polls. After scoring a blank in the General Elections earlier this year and being reduced to a single seat in the state assembly, many have even begun to write the political obituary of Raj and his party. The Congress too has been forced to eat the humble pie, yet again. Rahul Gandhi's six rallies in the state have not helped the party at all and it seems that the grand old party has nothing to combat the NaMo bandwagon. Moreover, the NCP which was the second largest constituent of the UPA has called off its alliance with the INC. And 2014 continues to bring more miseries upon the Pawars and the NCP. After the hammering in the big polls, the party managed to win just 41 seats in the state.

For more posts in this series: Mahasangram (Link)

The Chart displaying the results was created on Meta-Chart (Link)

MAHASANGRAM - Part IV

THE ISSUES THAT MATTER

Of the four states that go to the poll this year, the biggest is the western state of Maharashtra. After being in power for the last 15 years, the results of the Lok Sabha have come as a jolt to the ruling combine. Together the Congress and its ally, the NCP were literally demolished as they faced a strong opposition - the 'Mahayuti' that the saffron allies, the Shiv Sena and the BJP had stitched together. Even the presence of Raj Thackeray's MNS could not benefit the UPA like they did in 2009 when the anti-incumbency votes were split into the two fractions of the Sena. While many would have expected the NDA to sweep Maharashtra, the recent poll setbacks to the saffron outfit in Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Karnataka, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradsh (Link) seems to have put a serious question before the BJP - can it replicate its superlative performance even in the state assembly polls in winter, especially in Mumbai where it has been warming the Opposition benches since ages. The Congress is trying to get over its disastrous defeat; retaining Maharashtra could signal the beginning of a long pending revival. Meanwhile, state politics is incomplete without considering the three regional parties. Unlike the heartland, the two national parties are not the main players here. Let us see what parameters will impact the outcome of the Maharashtra state assembly polls in 2014.

As they say, united we win and divided we fall. The results of the October elections could simply boil down to the fact that which coalition is able to sustain itself in spite of all the drama over the seat sharing talks. Both the Congress-NCP as well as the Sena-BJP know very well that it is in their best interest to make sure that their respective partnerships survive. However, less than a month before voting, the UPA and the NDA as we know them today, are witnessing media war over seat sharing arrangements. The saffron alliance which stretches back to 25 years is looking extremely shaking; the BJP, high on its earth-shattering performance in the General Polls has rejected the 119-178 formula brokered by Bal Thackeray and Pramod Mahajan in the early 90s. While the state BJP wants to fight on 130 seats, the Sena has refused to give anything more than 125. Besides, Uddhav Thackeray's portrayal as the alliance's CM candidate by his outfit has not been taken kindly by the BJP. On the other hand, the NCP has upped the ante; Pawar's party wants to be an equal player in the coalition. After winning twice as many parliamentary seats as the INC in May, the regional parties wants to have a relook at the earlier formula. Meanwhile, the plea seems to have fallen on deaf years as the Congress has refused to back down from its stand. With cracks developing in the two fronts, it remains to be seen if the allies can bury their differences and patch up. Failing that, it could be a five cornered contest for Maharashtra - BJP vs SS vs Congress vs NCP vs MNS. In fact, what could be more interesting is the realignment of forces; the NCP could tie up with either the BJP or even the Shiv Sena; the BJP could also join hands with the MNS and so on.

As if the tussle over the seat sharing was not enough, the Congress and the NCP are fighting anti-incumbency stretching over a period of 15 long years. The two parties came together after the saffron allies were beaten in the 1999 state polls and ever since have been in power in Mumbai. They were also a part of the Manmohan government for two consecutive terms. The results of the recently concluded Lok Sabha polls has certainly sent shock waves to the incumbent regime. The two partners could only get six seats even as the mega coalition of the BJP bagged the remaining 42. There are speculations that the results may be repeated yet again later this year. The UPA somehow managed to stay afloat in 2009 thanks to Raj Thackeray's MNS splitting the anti-establishment votes. After drawing a blank in the May elections, the MNS will find it difficult to cut into the traditional Sena votes. In the aftermath of the Lok Sabha defeat, there were calls to sack the serving CM Chauhan. However, he managed to stay afloat with the blessings of the High Command. On their part, the ruling combine is busying showcasing the development projects that were completed during its tenure including the Mumbai-Worli Sealink, the Mumbai Monorail, the Mumbai Metro and so on. However, whether the voters buy this argument or not is something that will be clear only on the voting day - October 15.

Remember the Adarsh Housing Society Scam. Yes, the same scandal wherein flats in Mumbai's posh Colaba area which were to be allocated for the widows of Kargil martyrs were grabbed by top several politicians. It was the same episode that saw the sacking of the then CM Ashok Chavan. Corruption is for sure, going to be one of the biggest issues in the upcoming state elections. In fact, three other former CMs, all belonging to the Congress seem to have been in the list of beneficiaries including Vilasrao Deshmukh, Sushilkumar Shinde and Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar. This has become a big embarrassment for the INC. On the other hand, the NCP finds itself in trouble in the multi-crore Irrigation Scam. Deputy CM Ajit Da who was the state irrigation minister for two terms is accused of siphoning off crores of rupees. Besides, his irresponsible statements like the one he made in April last year when he asked if he should urinate into dams to fill water has been panned both by the Opposition and the public.

While corruption has become synonymous with the Congress, the ghost of Babri Masjid and the Godhra riots have kept haunting the BJP for long. Add to it the Sena whose founder Balasaheb had openly asked for voted in the name of religion. 'Communalism' is one of the biggest talking points before that state polls. The force feeding of a Muslim employee in the Maharashtra Bhavan by Sena MPs during the time of Ramazan is going to be raked up by the Congress and the NCP. The ruling parties on their part have already given 5 percent reservation for the minority community apart from 16 percent reservation for Marathas. Similarly, one can also expect the two Senas to raise the 'Marathi Manoos' or the 'Sons of the Soil' argument.  Anti-northern Indian stirs and protests may become common in the coming days.

For long, there have been demands for a separate state of Vidarbha to be carved out of eastern Maharashtra. With the creation of Telangana, this clamour has only increased. In this election season, you should not be surprised if these demands only grow stronger. On this issue, even allies can have a difference of opinion. For long, the Sena has vehemently opposed any kind of division; on the other hand, the BJP has always favored smaller states. Another related topic is the future of Belgaum. Presently in northern Karnataka, there is a significant section of the population here that feels that they should be a part of the Marathi state. However, this claim has been rejected by Karnataka on repeated occasions.

Finally, let us have a look at the leaders who could hold the key as to which party or alliance does well. Sharad Pawar is perhaps, the tallest leader in the state today. However, there is little doubt that his political fortunes, like that of his party are on the decline. After the NCP was routed in most of its strongholds, it is important for the Maratha strongman and his outfit to do well in the October polls. He has taken a big gamble by ditching the Congress and it remains to be seen if it pays off. His nephew Ajit Pawar has made clear his chief ministerial ambitions in a recent interview. With Narayan Rane being appointed as the head of the party's electoral campaign, incumbent CM Prithviraj Chavan has his task cut out. While he has to make sure that the INC does well, he also has to hope that his followers win more seats than those in the Rane camp. Meanwhile, Ashok Chavan can be the dark horse in the CM's race. However, giving the top post to him could backfire on the Congress thanks to the stigma of the Adarsh Scam. In the saffron alliance, Uddhav Thackeray has a point to prove; he can put to rest all the questions over his leadership if he can lead the Sena to an impressive tally. Breaking his family tradition, the Sena pramukh has made it clear that he wants to occupy the CM's post. Finally, for the BJP, the untimely death of Gopinath Munde has jeopardized their plans. Other leaders including Nitin Gadkari lack popular support outside their respective regions.

For more posts in this series: Mahasangram (Link)

MAHASANGRAM - Part II

NOT-SO-FRIENDLY BANTER: BJP vs SENA & CONG vs NCP

Maharashtra is one state, where till recently the battle lines were clearly drawn between the two major political blocks in the country today. Of course, while making this observation, I have chosen to overlook both the Third Front which was 'humiliated' in the last General Elections as well as Raj Thackeray's MNS which is yet to pack a punch in the political scenario of the state. Anyway, dubbed as the saffron allies, the BJP and the Shiv Sena (SS) have been together since the early 90s. At a time when other political parties very still wary of forging electoral ties with each other and the 'Coalition Era' was in its early days, BJP leader Pramod Mahajan and Sena chief Balasaheb Thackeray stuck a partnership which is still 'unbroken'. Although the two parties managed to win power in 1994 and formed the government in Maharashtra under the leadership of Manohar Joshi, they were voted out of power in 1999 and have been warning the Opposition benches in the state assembly ever since. Meanwhile, the Marathi outfit was also a part of the various NDA regimes at the Centre. On the other end of the political spectrum is the Congress-NCP alliance - a bond that has lasted for 15 years now. Pawar who broke away from the Congress to float the NCP over Sonia Gandhi's foreign origins had no problems whatsoever in allying with his former outfit for multiple terms in Mumbai as well as New Delhi.

If you think that after years of being together, the two allies may be geared up to put up a 'united' front ahead of the 2014 state polls, then you are wrong. Days before the electoral campaign begins, reports of rift between the coalition partners has 'spiced' up the battle for Maharashtra. Allegation of big-brotherly treatment, differences over seat sharing arrangements and 'irresponsible' statements by leaders has put serious question marks over the future of the major alliances in the state. In this post, I will analyze the two combinations, the issues that have caused fiction between them, the options in front of them and what will happen if the allies decide to go their separate ways.

The End of the road for the Saffron Brigade?

Nearly three months ago, the BJP-Sena and its other smaller coalition partners in the 'Mahayuti' swept the state winning as many as 42 of the 48 parliamentary seats. However, the relations between the two saffron partners has been far from cordial ever since. In spite of being the second largest constituent of the NDA, the Marathi outfit was given just one ministerial berth in the Central government. Though the Sena tried hard to bargain for more representation in the Modi regime, the PM and his party refused to budge, perhaps buoyed by the fact that they enjoy a comfortable majority in the Lower House. The SS too on its part has angered its partner by unilaterally declaring its supremo Uddhav Thackeray as the chief ministerial candidate of the saffron camp, a move that has not gone too well with the BJP. In what is seen as a clear signal to the cadre to 'think beyond the Sena', Amit Shah in his maiden speech as the new party president, has announced that the BJP would form the next government in Maharashtra, a clear indication to Matoshri that the national party would no more play second fiddle to the SS in the Vidhan Sabha polls. Since the 90s, the Shiv Sena fields candidates on nearly 170 seats while leaving the rest - approximately 120 to the BJP.

After decimating the Congress across the country in the big polls and reducing several regional players to 'irrelevance', the BJP has set its goals of expanding in hitherto 'unknown lands', including parts of rural Maharashtra. One of the reasons to appoint Amit Shah as the successor to Rajnath Singh is to expand the saffron outfit beyond its traditional base in the Hindi heartland. After registering such a big win, the party is confident that it will do exceedingly well even in the state polls, irrespective of whether it joins hand with any of the two Senas. A second reason why the BJP wants to renegotiate the seat sharing agreement with the Sena is that it has to accommodate four other smaller players who have joined hands with it, namely the Republican Party of India - Athavle (RPI-A), the Swabhiman Shetkari Sanghatana (SSS), the Rashtriya Samaj Paksha (RSP) and the Shiv Sangram. Finally, another cause of worry for the BJP is the with the Sena fielding more candidates, the chances of the next CM being from the former is even less than that of the Indian cricket team winning a test series away from the Sub-continent. The SS on its part, has tried to 'emotionally blackmail' the national party, reminding it that the Thakerays had stood with it during times, thick and thin. With Sena parmukh declaring his intentions of contesting elections, there is no way that the SS is going to accept anybody else as the next CM of the state in case the saffron camp does win the polls. Moreover, with question marks being raised about his style of leadership and following the death of its charismatic leader Balasaheb Thakeray, the SS and Uddhav have a point to prove and silence its numerous critics, once and for all.

With tempers flying high, the saffron alliance is perhaps at its weakest in its life span of two decades. While both partners may think that they will do well even if they go alone, especially with the strong anti-incumbency against the INC-NCP government the simple truth is that they will not perform well in case they break-up. Though Narendra Modi helped the BJP do well in Maharashtra, the untimely deaths of Pramod Mahajan and Gopinath Munde has robbed the party of a credible face in the state. Also, the thought of allying with Raj Thackeray seems to be far fledged considering the performance of the MNS in the Lok Sabha elections. Similarly, the SS too does not have much of presence in several parts of the Maharashtra and hence cannot even dream of forming a regime on its own. Most importantly, the split in the partnership will end up dividing the anti-establishment votes, thereby helping the INC and the NCP. If the partners can bury their differences and fight the polls together, they are going to storm Maharashtra and form the next government. There is no doubt that the seat sharing arrangements between the two parties have to be revisited and newer allies need to be accommodated. However, if the two parties head towards 'splitsville', the two outfits might be forced to occupy the Opposition benches for a fourth consecutive term.

Are the Congress and the NCP headed for a bitter divorce?

Though they may have shared power for 15 long years in the state, the relations between the INC and Pawar's outfit have never been 'smooth'. However, the point to note is that since the beginning of the year, the tensions between them have only escalated, serious threatening their performance even if they manage to somehow hold on to their partnership. Before the 2014 Lok Sabha polls, senior leaders of the NCP including Shrad Pawar and Praful Patel had predicted that the NDA would bag more seats than the UPA. While this did come true, the paltry performance of the Congress-led coalition in the state of Maharashtra where it was reduced to six seats was certainly not expected. Accusing the incumbent CM Prithviraj Chauhan of failing in his duties, the NCP raised the bogey of revolt, asking the INC to sack him. At the same time, several NCP leaders suggested that they should contest more seats than the Congress in the state assembly elections considering that they had won more parliamentary seats than the national party three months ago. Chauhan, a Gandhi loyalist survived. After getting the blessings of the party High Command, he decided to up the ante against the NCP. At a party rally, he declared that his party was ready to go it all alone for the polls.

From the NCP's point of view, the party believes that the perception that it has been a steady fast ally of the 'corrupt' Congress has been solely responsible for its failure in the recent elections. As such, if the Congress-NCP alliance could project a new face in the assembly polls, there are chances that the anti-incumbency wave could be countered, at least to some extent. There is also a certain section that feels that dumping the Congress and fighting the polls alone could actually help 'cut electoral loses'. In that case, the party could tie-up with either the BJP or the Sena if the saffron alliance breaks up. The 2014 state elections are extremely crucial to the NCP and you can expect the leadership to bargain hard with the Congress. The INC knows that after the drubbing that it got, coming back to power for a straight fourth term is close to 'impossible'. However, with the Opposition lacking a credible face in the state, the INC feels that it has a better chance to do well in the local polls. Secondly, Congress leaders feel that the NCP cannot put the blame of the defeat squarely on the Congress and get away with it, especially after several alleged cases of corruption against Sharad Pawar and his nephew Ajit Pawar.

I think, the two parties have no option but to stick together. Even in that case, they are heading for a rout in the state polls. Probably, the only chance that the allies have of forming the next government if if there is a split in the saffron alliance. Even in that scenario, getting the required numbers will be a herculean task. With 44 seats in the Lok Sabha, the Congress is still licking the wounds of its defeat. With the National Conference walking out of the UPA and several regional players cosying up to the Modi regime, the grand old party needs to keep the UPA united. As such, it cannot afford to anger its oldest existing ally. At the same time, the NCP is no position to fight the polls alone. Like the Congress, the party is battling corruption charges with its senior leader Ajit Pawar accused of being a part of the multi-crore Irrigation Scam. Moreover, the two parties are also facing internal rebellion. Revenue Minister and Malvan strongman Narayan Rane has raised the banner of revolt against Chauhan whereas NCP leader Chaggan Bhujbal is known to be contemplating a switch over to the saffron camp. Lastly, a divorce here will also split the minority votes, thereby benefiting the BJP-SS alliance further. Also, the NCP's 'grand idea' of tying up with either the BJP or the Sena to form the next regime is highly unlikely to materialize, primarily because it will find it difficult even to go past 40 seat mark.

For more posts in this series: Mahasangram (Link)

MAHASANGRAM - Part I

WHAT'S ON THE LINE FOR THE MAJOR REGIONAL PARTIES

The beauty of politics in a vast country like ours is that every few months, some or the other state goes to the polls. It has been less than two months since the results of the 2014 General Elections were announced and the battle for the states of Maharashtra, Haryana and Jammu Kashmir scheduled later in the year has already begun. The BJP which recorded its best ever figures is keen to carry forward the momentum; aware that the it just cannot afford to drop its guard, considering its dependence on regional satraps like Jaya, Mamta and Navin to pass key legislation in the Rajya Sabha. With the Modi government yet to do anything significant on its promise of 'acche din', victory in the states is far from guaranteed. On the other hand, the Congress which failed to even cross the 50 mark in the General Elections is hoping to thwart the NaMo bandwagon by giving a tough fight to the NDA. The grand old party is expected to give its best shot after questions were raised about its future, especially under the leadership of the Gandhis. With the Third Front being wiped off in the parliamentary elections and its constituents not having any major presence in any of these states, it is rather easy to write it off at least as far as the upcoming polls are concerned.

The failure of the federal front and the magnitude of BJP's victory has raised several questions over the future of regional satraps in the country. I know many will point out that even the Congress - the largest party in the country too was virtually wiped out even in its traditional strongholds and hence the superb numbers got by the saffron outfit could be passed off as a 'fluke'. However, when was the last time you saw Mayawati's BSP failing to even open its account or Mulayum struggling to win seats outside of his family dominions. Moreover, in the era of coalition politics, the saffron outfit's tally of 282 is unprecedented; no party has been able to enjoy such a comfortable majority on the floor of the house since 1984. Against this backdrop and with the elections to the Maharashtra state assembly just around the corner, I want to analyze the poll prospects of the three major regional parties in the state. With most of the smaller parties failing to do well in the recently concluded Lok Sabha polls, it will be interesting to see if the NCP and the two Senas can deliver a power packed performance this winter.

Will the Tiger make a Kill? To understand how the fortunes of a political outfit can change over a span of few months, one needs to trace the graph of one of the country's oldest regional party - the Shiv Sena (SS). After

Shiv Sena supremo Uddhav Thackeray

the death of the firebrand Marathi leader, the controversial yet charismatic Bal Thackeray, many felt that the SS would die a slow death. In fact, many political observers had virtually written the obituary of the Sena - three consecutive defeats in the state assembly polls, the split in the ranks after Raj Thackeray walked out of the organization and the 'inability' of present chief and Thackeray Senior's son Uddhav to rally the cadre behind him were cited as the prime reasons. Even before the big polls, as many as four incumbent MPs deserted the party to join the UPA after accusing Uddhav of being 'inaccessible'. Probably, the biggest blow came when party's spokesperson Rahul Narvekar who is known to be close to the Sena's first family left the SS to join the NCP. At the same time, with Raj Thackeray taking on a more aggressive stance on the 'Sons of the soil' movement, many believed that he was the right person to take the Thackeray legacy forward. Moreover, in the run up to the General Elections, the relations between the Sena and the BJP were far from cordial, especially with the BJP sending overtures to the MNS. However, the May 16 results might have brought lot of relief to Uddhav. Even as the NDA swept to power, the Sena won a staggering 18 of the 20 seats it contested in the state.

Buoyed by the success of the big polls, the Shiva Sena and its Pramukh are sensing victory ahead of the state polls too. However, the big worrying factor will be the relations with its saffron ally - the BJP. After crossing the 272 mark on its own, the saffron outfit now wants to dictate terms in the seat sharing arrangement in Maharashtra. According to some reports, the BJP want the two allies to re-negotiate the terms of alliance under which the national party contests 117 seats while leaving the remaining 170 odd to the Sena in the state assembly elections. This agreement brokered by Bal Thackeray and Pramod Mahajan effectively rules out the possibility of a Chief Minister from the BJP. In fact, in spite of being the second largest constituent of the NDA, Modi inducted just one MP from the SS in his cabinet. While the Sainiks were said to be sulking, Modi refused to budge. After all, the SS had initially suggested the candidature of Sushma Swaraj for the post of NDA's PM nominee. While he may have survived the scare ahead of the Lok Sabha elections, it remains to be seen if Uddhav can somehow manage to save the two decade old alliance with the BJP. Meanwhile, the SS chief has already made public his ambitions to become the CM of the state. Another cause of concern would be to see off the threat posed by his rival and cousin - Raj Thackeray. Although the MNS failed to cause any split in the anti-UPA votes like it did in 2009, there is little doubt that the it would pose a big threat to the prospects of the SS in the state elections. The 2014 Maharashtra assembly polls is a big test for the Sena and its supremo; a victory signal the rise of a new regional satrap on the Indian political scenario and would justify Bal Thackeray's decision of choosing his real son over his nephew. A defeat though would be catastrophic and one should not be surprised if it would be a blow from which the Sena never emerges again.

Is the clock ticking for NCP? While NDA's victory may have just heralded the beginning of 'acche din' for the Shiv Sena, the other big regional player - the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) seems to be heading

NCP chief Sharad Pawar

towards its worst showing in the state. 2014 has been a forgetful year for former Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar's outfit. Having been in power in alliance with the Congress for 15 years in Mumbai and for a decade at the Centre as a leading constituent of the UPA, the party seems to be in dire straits (Link). In the May 2014 polls, Pawar's party managed to win just 4 seats even as the BJP-Sena alliance walked away with a grand tally of 42 seats. In fact, the outfit failed to do well in other states too and in the process, ended up losing its tag as a 'national' party. The biggest reason for this rout was the fact that most of the party's top leadership has been caught in some controversy or scandal. As the Agriculture Minister, supremo Sharad Pawar was a complete failure; in fact, he was seen doing more work as the Chairman of the ICC than taking steps to curb price rise. His daughter Supriya Sule who was one of the four NCP candidates to make the cut to the Lok Sabha in 2014 has been accused of owning stakes in IPL teams some years ago. And how can one forget the one and only Ajit Pawar. Known in party circles as Ajit Dada, the nephew of the Pawar senior is a loud mouth. Apart from being one of the prime accused in the multi-crore Irrigation Scam, the Deputy CM is known to speak 'rubbish' at political rallies. Meanwhile, even the relations between the Congress and the NCP were far from cordial in the run up to the polls. Perhaps sensing that the odds were stacked against his outfit, Sharad Pawar decided to chicken out and instead became a Rajya Sabha MP. Moreover, the Maratha strongman and his colleague Praful Patel had on numerous occasions predicted that the NDA would do better than the UPA causing severe embarrassment to the Congress.

Now coming to the state elections, the problems for NCP still persist. The relations with the Congress have only soured further; the party's bid to have the incumbent CM Prithviraj Chauhan replaced was foiled after the Congress President refused to budge. Buoyed by the confidence that Sonia Gandhi has shown in him, Chauhan has made it clear that the Congress is ready to go alone in the state polls. At the same time, Pawar's outfit too has gone on the offensive, asking the INC to allocate it more seats since it out did the national party in the big elections. With the tensions between the two parties escalating by the day, seat sharing is going to be extremely difficult. Apart from the coalition troubles, the NCP, like the Congress is fighting anti-incumbency spanning over 15 years. With the INC-NCP government not having a spectacular report card to boast of, winning a straight forth term is next to impossible. At the same time, the NCP does not have any strong leaders to get the votes. The party chief is aging and if the May 2014 polls are anything to go by, he seems to have lost a lot of ground even in his traditional stronghold of Western Maharashtra. Ajit Pawar and R R Patil too have seen a decline in their popularity. Former Home Minister Chaggan Bhujbal was reported to be keen to rejoin the Shiv Sena till his request was publicly turned down by Uddhav Thackeray. The state polls are a big test for the NCP; although there is no doubt that they are going to drop seats, the party leadership will hope to cut down its loses. One possibility that the NCP will be looking at is a possible break-up between the BJP-SS alliance after the polls. In that scenario, both the saffron parties may contemplate joining hands with Pawar to form the next government in Maharashtra.

Make or Break Moment for Raj: Coming to the third regional player in the state, the state assembly polls could be the big test for Raj Thackeray and his Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS). Formed in early 2006

MNS leader Raj Thackeray

after the dynamic Raj walked out of the Shiv Sena over differences with his cousin Uddhav, the MNS is yet to make a big mark in state politics. Of course, it did exceedingly well in 2009 when it cut into the NDA votes helping the UPA do well, first in the General Elections and then in the state polls. The party had a good debut winning as many as 13 seats in the Maharashtra assembly. However, ever since that spark, the MNS has failed to 'sparkle'. During the campaign for the 2014 polls, the BJP tried to bring the two Senas together as part of the 'Mahayuti' to fight the UPA. However, the plan failed with the Sena accusing the BJP of going against the coalition dharma. When Raj declared his support to the candidature of Narendra Modi as the PM of India, BJP President Rajnath Singh turned down the offer, making it clear that the alliance with Shiv Sena was strong. Anyway, many were expecting that the MNS would still go on to win at least one seat and dash the hopes of the BJP-SS combine on several seats. In fact, the hopes of the UPA of doing well in the western state were completely based on the MNS factor. After all, both the Senas have their ideologies based in the 'Sons of the Soil' movement. However, all that proved to be a dud with Raj's outfit scoring a duck.

With the state polls just a few months away, the MNS still has a lot of ground to cover. Of course, while the results of the 2014 elections may be something that Raj and his followers would like to put behind them, the fact remains that the MNS has a strong presence in several pockets in the state. However, the challenge would be to convert that support into seats. A big fillip for the MNS would be if Raj Thackeray would contest the polls. In absence of other famous leaders, Raj's entry into electoral fray would instill a lot of confidence in the party cadre. Going beyond the 20 mark will be difficult. However, getting less than that would certainly raise questions over Raj's leadership, especially if the Shiv Sena chief Uddhav becomes the CM of Maharashtra. The chances of MNS being the part of the next government are extremely remote; the only possible case would be if the BJP ties up with the MNS and the NCP in the post poll scenario. And to be frank, that is highly unlikely .

For more posts in this series: Mahasangram (Link)